Fundamentals Nursing Test Bank

Fundamentals of Nursing Test Bank is a test bank for Fundamentals of Nursing. It includes all the possible questions from the course and includes detailed answers written by experienced instructors. The goal of Fundamentals of Nursing Test Bank is to help nursing students pass their exams with high marks.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing and Health Care

In this chapter, you will learn about the definition of nursing and health care. You’ll gain an understanding of how they differ and why they are both important to each other. You’ll also learn about the role of the nurse in health care as well as the role of nurses in relation to other members of the health care team. In addition, you’ll find information on some other roles that may be played by individuals who work within a healthcare setting, including medical assistants and technicians; pharmacists; physician assistants or nurse practitioners; physical therapists; respiratory therapists; dietitians; speech-language pathologists/audiologists; occupational therapists/assistants (OTAs); social workers/case managers (SWs); psychologists/mental health counselors (PMHCCs); physicians (MDs), osteopathic physicians (DOs) and dentists.

Chapter 2 Overview of the Nursing Process

The nursing process is a systematic approach to delivering care. It is the foundation for all nursing interventions and decisions, and guides the nurse in providing safe, effective, timely care for clients.

The nursing process includes seven phases: assessment, diagnosis, planning/implementation (or implementation), evaluation/reassessment (or evaluation), closure/transferring of care (or closure), education/counseling (if applicable).

Chapter 3 Legal and Ethical Responsibilities in Healthcare

1 Legal and Ethical Responsibilities of Nurses

Nurses have a duty to act in the best interests of their patients, to keep confidentiality, and to do no harm. They also have a duty to comply with the law and with the code of ethics of their professional association. When there is a conflict between these responsibilities, nurses should attempt to reconcile them without violating any one obligation. For example, if you are required by law or by regulations at your hospital where you work (the facility) to report certain information about patients or colleagues who work at that facility because it is deemed necessary for public health purposes (for example), then this may conflict with your ethical obligation not to disclose confidential patient information except when needed for direct care purposes or when required by law; however, such conflicts can often be resolved without compromising either standard.

Chapter 4 Basic Principles of Infection Control

The following are the basic principles of infection control:

The importance of hand washing. Hand hygiene can be defined as the use of water and/or soap to clean hands thoroughly in order to reduce transmission and acquisition of microorganisms. Hand washing is one of the most effective methods for reducing infections in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and other health-care settings.
The importance of wearing gloves when performing tasks that may cause exposure to blood or body fluids (including mucous membranes), potential contact with contaminated items or surfaces, or contact with patients known or suspected to have infections transmissible by direct or indirect routes.
The importance of wearing a mask when performing tasks where respiratory protection is required because airborne droplets from splashes or sprays might contain potentially infectious materials such as blood, body fluids (including mucous membranes), vomitus, saliva, urine, feces (fecal material), secretions from open wounds on nonintact skin; contaminated items; instruments and dressings; laboratory specimens; cultures used for diagnostic purposes; bedpans containing fecal contents; food products prepared for consumption by patients who are immunocompromised because they received chemotherapy treatment prior to discharge from hospital and therefore present an increased risk for acquiring infections due to immunosuppression secondary effects associated this type cancer treatment modality , etcetera .

Chapter 5 The Client with a Musculoskeletal Disorder

The assessment of the client with a musculoskeletal disorder is of paramount importance for establishing a plan of care.
Physical assessment is an essential component of nursing practice. A thorough physical assessment provides an understanding of the patient’s stage in the disease process and helps formulate a comprehensive plan of care.
Subjective data provide important insight into the patient’s condition, but such data should be considered with caution because they may be inaccurate or biased.
Objective data are more reliable than subjective information because they are not influenced by emotions or other factors that may affect accuracy. Objective data can be quantified and include signs, symptoms, test results, and measurements relevant to diagnosis or treatment planning.

Chapter 6 The Client with Neurosensory Disorders

Neurosensory disorders affect the nervous system and sensory organs. Neurological problems can be caused by a variety of conditions, including stroke, head injury, brain tumors and spinal cord injuries. The client with a neurosensory disorder may present with a variety of symptoms and signs. These include:

Changes in cognitive function (decreased attention span)
Alteration in consciousness level (lethargy or stupor)
Decreased motor activity (slow movements)
Seizures or tremors

Chapter 7 The Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders

1 The Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly specialized, complex system that functions to break down food for absorption and distribution of nutrients. The GI tract includes the following:

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine (duodenum and jejunum)
Large intestine (cecum and colon)

Chapter 8 The Client with Renal and Genitourinary Disorders

Chapter 8 Renal and Genitourinary Disorders
Hydronephrosis
Ureteral Obstruction
Renal Calculi
Renal Failure
Renal Transplantation
Renal Trauma
Chapter 9 The Client with Reproductive System Disorders

Chapter 9 The Client with Cancer

Cancers are a group of diseases involving abnormal cells that divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells are able to grow in the absence of normal growth control mechanisms. The most common types of cancer include breast, lung, colon and prostate.

Cancer is usually not present at birth but develops over time as a result of carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). Examples include tobacco use, food additives such as nitrates or nitrites found in processed meats such as hot dogs; certain dyes used in cosmetics; exposure to strong UV light from the sun; radiation therapy; exposure to asbestos; exposure to chemicals like benzene or vinyl chloride that may occur in some industrial jobs; ionizing radiation from medical X-rays or CT scans that can cause cancers years after exposure occurs when healthy tissue is altered into cancerous cells

Chapter 10 The Client with a Respiratory Disorder

Respiratory disorders are those that affect the lungs and breathing.
Some common causes of respiratory disorders include asthma, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and bronchitis.
Symptoms of respiratory disorders may include shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing associated with cyanosis (bluish color) in the skin or lips.
Treatment for respiratory disorders includes giving oxygen to help with breathing, administering medications such as antibiotics or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent infection; performing chest physical therapy if needed; applying heat packs to relieve pain caused by an inflamed rib cage region; using suction devices during tracheal intubation (inserting a tube into your throat so you can breathe).
Complications may include bleeding from lung tissue damage due to an upper-respiratory tract infection like pneumonia; complications due to surgery such as pneumonia caused by anesthesia side effects during surgery procedures done on patients who have an existing lung condition such as emphysema or COPD because these conditions make it difficult for them

Chapter 11 The Client with an Endocrine Disorder

The client with an endocrine disorder is one who has a disease or dysfunction of the endocrine system. The endocrine system is the system of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that control many body functions, including metabolism, growth and development, reproduction and sexual function, blood pressure, water balance (fluid and electrolyte balance), temperature regulation, sleep patterns and moods.

Endocrine disorders can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on which gland or glands are involved and how severe the disorder is; however some common symptoms include:

Atypical weight gain or loss (e.g., significant weight loss with no apparent reason)
Tingling or numbness in hands/feet/arms/legs
Chest pain or discomfort

Chapter 12 The Client who Is Pregnant or Has Experienced Childbirth

You should be familiar with the following concepts in this chapter:

The importance of prenatal care. Prenatal care is an important part of a healthy pregnancy. A pregnant woman should see her doctor or midwife at least once a month during the first two trimesters and every two weeks for the rest of her pregnancy. She also needs to see him or her as soon as possible if she has any concerns about her health or that of her baby. During these visits, the healthcare provider will check on how well you are feeling, whether your weight gain is appropriate for your body size, whether fetal growth is normal (as measured by ultrasound) and whether there have been any changes with your blood pressure or urine tests that might indicate problems such as preeclampsia (high blood pressure) or gestational diabetes (diabetes that develops during pregnancy). He/she may also check to see if you have gained enough weight so far; if not he/she may talk with you about ways to increase your caloric intake while still keeping track of what nutrients are going into which foods so they can recommend healthy choices. If necessary, he/she will give advice regarding exercise levels during pregnancy based on what stage has been reached by then

Chapter 13 The Infant and Child throughout the Health-Illness Continuum

The Infant and Child throughout the Health-Illness Continuum

The infant and child from birth to 18 years of age are particularly vulnerable to a variety of health problems that range from brief illnesses to chronic conditions. The many factors that influence these diseases include genetics, environmental conditions, cultural influences, poverty level and nutrition.

The infant and child during this period have unique needs while they grow physically and cognitively. For example:

!* They have a higher risk of developing respiratory infections because their immune systems are not fully developed yet.

!* They can develop mental or behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) if they do not receive treatment early in life when symptoms appear which may be caused by genetics or other factors like brain injuries sustained before birth or during delivery; history of abuse or neglect; prenatal exposure to alcohol; low birth weight; premature birth; lack of social support systems at home (e.g., parents with substance abuse problems); poor nutrition after discharge from hospitalization

Chapter 14 The Adolescent throughout the Health-Illness Continuum

Adolescents have unique health concerns and needs. They are at higher risk for certain diseases and disorders, such as eating disorders, depression, drug abuse, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and suicide attempts. The transition to adulthood can also be difficult for adolescents who feel that they do not fit in or do not know what their future holds.

A nurse must consider the adolescent’s developmental stage when treating him/her with respect for self-determination and promoting autonomy whenever possible. The nurse should also work closely with parents or guardians during the treatment process so that all aspects of the adolescent’s care can be addressed together; this will ensure continuity in care between home environment and healthcare facility environments.

Chapter 15 The Adult throughout the Health-Illness Continuum

The Adult throughout the Health-Illness Continuum

As mentioned in Chapter 1, health and illness are the two extremes in a continuum of human experience. The adult throughout the health-illness continuum requires care for physical and psychosocial needs. This chapter discusses concepts related to each stage of life as it relates to aging and disease processes such as chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, arthritis/osteoporosis, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Alzheimer’s disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Each section includes key points related to nursing care during acute exacerbations or chronic management of these conditions.

Chapter 16 The Older Adult throughout the Health-Illness Continuum

Older adults have unique health issues.
Older adults have specific healthcare needs, such as those related to mental status, nutrition, physical activity, and pain control.
Older adults also require social support from family members and formal caregivers (such as nurses).
Spiritual support is often necessary for older adults who are coping with illness or loss of loved ones.
Psychological issues such as depression can arise in response to aging or chronic illness in older adults.